Academy Award Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. The Academy Awards (often better known as Oscars) are the most prominent film award in the United States. The Awards are granted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, a professional honorary organization which as of 2003 had a voting membership of 5816. Actors (with a membership of 1311) make up the largest voting bloc. The most recent awards were the 76th Academy Awards. Academy Awards are nicknamed "Oscars", which is also the nickname of the statuette (the name is said to have been born when Academy librarian Margaret Herrick saw the statuette on a table and said: "It looks just like my uncle Oscar!"). The awards were first given at a banquet in the Blossom Room of the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel on May 16, 1929 but there was little suspense since the winners of the awards had already been announced three months earlier on February 18. To qualify, a film had to open in Los Angeles during the twelve months ending on July 31 of the preceding year. The 1934 and later awards have all been based on openings in the previous calendar year. The 1932-33 awards were based on a 17-month qualifying period. The "opened in Los Angeles" clause allowed Charlie Chaplin to win his only voted Oscar for Limelight which was made in 1952, but did not open until 1972 (rules have subsequently changed to disallow awards for films more than two years old). The awards night itself is an elaborate extravaganza, with the invited guests walking up the red carpet in the creations of the most prominent fashion designers (who usually loan them to the stars to gain publicity). The awards ceremony is televised around the world. The members of each branch determine the nominees in their respective catagory, but then the entire membership votes for the winner in all the catagories. The ballot itself contains just the title of a work, and not the artist associated with said work (which may explain why Eminem won Best Song in 2003 over more seemingly Academy-friendly nominees). Less subjectively, it is clear that movie studios spend large amounts of money on campaigns, Miramax being the most widely-discussed (and arguably successful) studio at this at present. An award can give a film a huge boost at the box office, and make an artist an industry "power player" overnight. In the past few decades, the advent of VHS tape and DVDs have given Academy Awards a new level of importance, as the attachment of a win (or even nomination) in a prominent category can dramatically increase sales and rentals. The Academy has made much of cracking down on these campaigns, but the results have been mixed. Such influence is nothing new; for example, it is widely believed William Randolph Hearst ran a campaign to ensure that Citizen Kane -- a film regarded by many as the greatest of all time -- did not receive Oscars, and in the event it received only one, despite nominations in nine categories. Academy Award rules are reviewed annually. Recent rule changes include the following: For 2003, the category names for the writing awards were simplified. The “Screenplay Based on Material Previously Produced or Published” category was renamed the “Adapted Screenplay” category. The category of “Screenplay Written Directly for the Screen” was renamed “Original Screenplay.” For 2002, a new category, Best Animated Feature, was established. As of 2001, a film cannot appear on the Internet before its theatrical release and be eligible for an Oscar. In 2000 (and again in 2003), rules were tightened to restrict Best Picture nominations and awards to producers who actually functioned as producers. Up to three producers are allowed per film. The 1998 Best Picture Oscar went to five producers for Shakespeare in Love. The greatest number of Academy Awards won by a film is 11, this distinction is shared by 3 films: Ben-Hur, Titanic, and The Return of the King. Many observers felt that The Return of the King stood in for the entire The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy. The "Academy Award of Merit" is given in many categories, including the following: Best Picture - 1928 to present Best Actor - 1928 to present Best Actress - 1928 to present Best Supporting Actor - 1936 to present Best Supporting Actress - 1936 to present Best Animated Feature - 2001 to present Best Art Direction - 1928 to present (also called Interior or Set Decoration) Best Assistant Director - 1933 to 1937 Best Cinematography - 1928 to present Comedy Direction - 1928 only Costume Design - 1948 to present Best Dance Direction - 1935 to 1937 Directing - 1928 to present Documentary Feature Documentary Short Subject Engineering Effects - 1928 only Film Editing - 1935 to present Best Foreign Language Film - 1947 to present Makeup Original Music Score Best Song Animated Short Film - 1931 to present Live Action Short Film Best Short Film - Color - 1936 and 1937 Best Short Film - Live Action - 2 Reels - 1936 to 1956 Short Film - Novelty - 1932 to 1935 Sound Sound Effects Editing - 1963 to present Best Story - 1928 to 1956 Best Title Writing - 1928 only Unique and Artistic Production - 1928 only Visual Effects Writing Adapted Screenplay - 1928 to present Writing Original Screenplay - 1940 to present Scientific or Technical - 1931 to present at three levels Scientific or Technical Merit - a statuette Scientific and Engineering Achievement - a plaque Technical Achievement - a citation Special Awards, which are voted on by special committees, rather than by the Academy membership as a whole, include: Academy Juvenile Award - 1934 to 1960 Academy Honorary Award - 1928 to present Academy Special Achievement Award The Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award - 1938 to present The Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award Gordon E. Sawyer Award See also List of Academy Awards ceremonies List of movies that have won eight or more Academy Awards List of people who have won an Emmy, a Grammy, an Oscar and a Tony Award List of movies that have been considered the greatest ever External links Official site FAVORITE ARTICLES: History of the World    History of the United States    History of Europe    Ancient History    History    Military History    World War I    Bombing of Dresden    California    US Constitution    Frank Sinatra    Boston    Marbury v. Madison This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html You may copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license. You must provide a link to http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html To view or edit this article at Wikipedia go to http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_Award