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Devanagari Hindi Wikipedia Devanāgarī (देवनागरी) is a script used to write Nepali and several Indian languages, including Sanskrit, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Sindhi, Bihari, Konkani, and Bohjpuri. Devanagari is a form of alphabet called an abugida, as each consonant has an inherent vowel (a), that can be changed with the different vowel signs. Most consonants can be joined to one or two other consonants so that the inherent vowel is suppressed. The resulting form is called a ligature. Many ligatures appear simply as two individual consonants joined together, and so are a form of ligature. Some ligatures are more elaborately formed and not as easily recognized as containing the individual consonants. It is a close descendant of the Brāhmī script that has been traced back to 500 BC. Many other Indian languages are written using other scripts in the Brahmic family. The Brahmi script is believed by the majority of scholars to have evolved from a Semitic script such as the Eastern Aramaic alphabet. There is also a generally unaccepted theory according to which the Brahmi script is derived from the undeciphered Indus script, going back to at least 2600 BC. The name Devanagari comes from the Sanskrit words Deva (god), and Nagari (city); together they mean, literally, the script of the "City of the Gods", where this city is the body of the individual. The philosophy behind it is that when one meditates on the specific sounds of the Devanagari alphabet, the written forms appear spontaneously in the mind. The compound really functions as a bahuvrihi. "Devanagari" is the most common transliteration of the name of script. Others are "Devnagri" and "Devanagri". Devanagari is written from left to right. In Sanskrit, words were written together without spaces, so that the top bar is unbroken, although there were some exceptions to this rule. The break of the top line primarily marks breath groups. In modern languages, word breaks are used. Devanagari has no case distinction, i.e. no majuscule and minuscule letters. Sanskrit spelling was phonetic, but with historical changes, the spelling of modern languages written in Devanagari may only be partly phonetic in the sense that a word written in it can only be pronounced in one way, but not all possible pronunciations can be written perfectly. Devanagari has 34 consonants (vyanjana), and 12 vowels (svara). A syllable (akshara) is formed by the combination of zero or one consonants and one vowel. The transliterations in the following tables follow the popular National Library at Calcutta romanization. The ITRANS http://www.aczone.com/itrans/#itransencoding is a lossless transliteration scheme of Devanagari into ASCII that is widely used on Usenet. In ITRANS, the word Devanagari is written as "devanaagarii". Symbols of Devanagari All the vowels in Devanagari are attached to the top or bottom of the consonant or to an AA vowel sign attached to the right of the consonant, with the exception of the I vowel sign, which is attached on the left. In the Devanagari vowel table below, the "Letter" column contains the symbol used when a vowel occurs without a consonant, the "Vowel sign" column contains the symbol used when a vowel is attached to a consonant, and the "Vowel with [p]" column show an example of the vowel symbol, attached to the "p" consonant. The "Unicode name" column contains the name given in the Unicode specification for the vowel, and the "IPA" column contains the International Phonetic Alphabet character(s) corresponding to the Hindi pronunciation of the Devanagari character. When no vowel is written, 'a' is assumed. To specifically denote the absence of a vowel, a halant (also called virama) is used. Among these, ळ is not used in Hindi. The entire set is used in Marathi. Devanagari digits are written as follows: Ligatures च + छ = च्छ Devanagari in Unicode The Unicode range for Devanagari is U+0900 .. U+097F. Software Apple Type Services for Unicode Imaging - Macintosh (new) Graphite - open source (SIL) Pango - open source (Gnome) Uniscribe - Windows WorldScript - Macintosh (old) External links IndiX, Indian language support for Linux, a site by the Indian National Centre for Software Technology Unicode Chart for Devanagari On history of Indian writing Devanagari editor Resources for viewing and editing Devanagari Unicode support for Web browsers :sa:देवनागरी at the Sanskrit Wikipedia :hi:देवनागरी at the Hindi Wikipedia Most Popular Articles: Music    Musical Instruments    Guitar    Classical Music    History    Music Definition    Country Music    Rock Music    Pop Music    Hip Hop    Rap    DJ    Video Games    Casino Games    Poker    Blackjack    Casinos    Real Estate    Loan    Auction    eBay    Marketing    Search Engine Optimization    File Sharing    MP3    Music Industry    Kazaa    Internet    Supermodel    Fashion    Fashion Designers    Erotica    Modeling    Clothing    Boots    Shoes    Diamond Engagement Rings    Diamond    Rugs    Gospel Music    Affiliate    E-Commerce    Radio This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html You may copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license. You must provide a link to http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html To view or edit this article at Wikipedia go to http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devanagari