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Hero of the Soviet Union
Hero of the Soviet Union (Геро́й Сове́тского Сою́за) was the highest honorary title and the superior degree of distinction of the former USSR. It included the Order of Lenin (the highest Soviet award) and, as the sign of excellence, the Gold Star medal with the certificate of the heroic deed (gramota) from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (highest executive body of the land). The award was established on April 16, 1934. In keeping with Communist policy of sex equality, both men and women were eligible to receive the title.
The total number of persons who were awarded this title is over 12,500. The great majority of them received it during the Great Patriotic War (11,635 Heroes of the Soviet Union, 115 twice Heroes, and 3 thrice Heroes). A famous war hero was for instance Alexander Matrosov who received the distinction posthumously after he died blocking an enemy machine-gun with his own body.
The first recipients were the pilots Liapidevsky, Levanevsky, Vasili Molokov, Mavrikiy Slepnev, Nikolai Kamanin, Ivan Doronin and Vodopianov, who participated in the successful aerial search and rescue of the crew of the steamship Cheliuskin, which sunk in Arctic waters, crushed by ice fields, on February 13, 1934.
There were over a hundred twice Heroes of the USSR. A second award entitled the recipient to have a bronze bust of his likeness with a commemorative inscription erected in his homeland. Two famous Soviet fighter pilots, Pokryshkin and Kozhedub were thrice Heroes of the Soviet Union. A third award entitled the same to be erected on a columnar pedestal in Moscow, near the Palace of the Soviets, but the Palace was never built. The only men to receive the title four times were Marshal Zhukov and Brezhnev. In 1988, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR abolished the award of this medal more than once.
Apart from individuals, the title was also awarded to twelve cities (Hero City) as well as the fortress of Brest (Hero-Fortress) for collective heroism during the War.
In 1992, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, this title was succeeded in Russia by the title Hero of Russia.
See also: Hero of Socialist Labor
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html
You may copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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To view or edit this article at Wikipedia go to http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_of_the_Soviet_Union
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