June 16 June 16 is the 167th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (168th in leap years), with 198 days remaining. Events 1400-1899 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses 1586 - Mary Queen of Scots recognizes Philip II of Spain as her heir 1654 - Queen Christina of Sweden abdicates 1745 - British troops take Cape Breton Island at the mouth of the Saint Lawrence River 1745 - Sir William Pepperell captures the French fortress of Louisburg during the War of the Austrian Succession. 1746 - War of Austrian Succession: Austria and Sardinia defeat a Franco-Spanish army at the Battle of Piacenza 1755 - French and Indian War: French surrender Fort Beauséjour to the British, leading to the expulsion of the Acadians 1774 - Formation of Harrodsburg, Kentucky. 1779 - Spain declares war on Britain and the siege of Gibraltar begins 1815 - Battle of Ligny and Battle of Quatre Bras, two days before Waterloo. 1836 - Formation of the London Working Men's Association begins the Chartist Movement 1846 - Pope Pius IX is elected pope. 1858 - Abraham Lincoln's House Divided speech in Springfield, Illinois 1858 - Battle of Morar, during the Indian Mutiny. 1871 - University Tests Act allow students to enter the Universities of Oxford, Cambridge and Durham without religious tests, except for courses in theology. 1884 - The first roller coaster in the United States begins operation at Coney Island, New York 1891 - John Abbott becomes Canada's third prime minister. 1900-1999 1902 - Australia: Female British subjects (with the glaring exception of Asians, Aborigines and Africans) won the vote with the Uniform Franchise Act. 1903 - Ford Motor Company incorporates. 1903 - Roald Amundsen commences first east-west navigation of the Northwest Passage by leaving Oslo, Norway. 1904 - Eugen Schauman assassinates Nikolai Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland. 1904 - Leopold Bloom walks around Dublin. (see Ulysses) 1915 - foundation of the British Women's Institute 1922 - General election in Irish Free State: large majority to pro-Treaty Sinn Féin 1924 - Whampoa Military Academy is founded 1940 - World War II: Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain becomes Premier of Vichy France 1940 - A Communist government is installed in Lithuania 1948 - The storming of the cockpit of the Miss Macao passenger seaplane, operated by the Cathay Pacific airline, marks the first skyjacking of a commercial plane. 1955 - Pope Pius XII excommunicates Juan Perón 1956 - Ted Hughes marries Sylvia Plath 1960 - Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho opens in New York 1961 - Rudolf Nureyev defects at Le Bourget airport in Paris 1963 - Valentina Tereshkova becomes the first woman in space 1972 - Burglars are caught breaking into the United States Democratic Party headquarters in the Watergate building 1972 - Red Army Faction member Ulrike Meinhof is captured by police in Langenhagen. 1972 - Opening of the New York Jazz Museum 1972 - Largest single-site hydro-electric power project starts at Churchill Falls Newfoundland 1976 - Apartheid: A non-violent march by 15000 students in Soweto, South Africa turns into days of rioting when police open fire on the crowd and kill 566 children. 1977 - Leonid Brezhnev becomes president of the USSR 1981 - Ken Taylor honoured for helping six Americans escape from Iran during hostage crisis 1983 - Yuri Andropov becomes president of the USSR 1994 - A Chinese operated Northwest Airlines Tupolev TU-154 crashes 10 minutes after takeoff killing 160 1996 - First round of voting in the Russian presidential election 1999 - Thabo Mbeki elected President of South Africa. 2000-2099 2001 - George W. Bush and Vladimir Putin meet in Brdo pri Kranju, Slovenia 2002 - Politically Incorrect is cancelled (from sponsors dropping the show) after host Bill Maher makes controversial comments on air regarding the integrity of President George W. Bush. Births 1500-1899 1514 - John Cheke, English classical scholar (d. 1557) 1583 - Axel Oxenstierna, Swedish statesman (d. 1654) 1613 - John Cleveland, English poet (d. 1658) 1644 - Henrietta Anne Stuart, Princess of Scotland, England and Ireland and later Duchess of Orléans (d. 1670) 1738 - Mary Katharine Goddard, early American printer and publisher (d. 1816) 1792 - John Linnell, English artist (d. 1882) 1792 - Sir Thomas Mitchell, Australian explorer (d. 1855) 1801 - Julius Plücker, German mathematician and physicist (d. 1868) 1806 - Edward Davy, English physician, chemist and inventor (d. 1885) 1813 - Otto Jahn, German archaeologist (d. 1869) 1820 - Athanase Coquerel, French protestant preacher (d. 1875) 1826 - Constantin von Ettingshausen, Austrian geologist and botanist (d. 1897) 1829 - Geronimo, Apache warrior and leader (d. 1909) 1836 - Wesley Merritt, soldier (d. 1910) 1837 - Ernst Laas, German philosopher (d. 1885) 1838 - Cushman Davis, politician (d. 1900) 1840 - Ernst Otto Schlick, engineer (d. 1913) 1858 - King Gustav V of Sweden (d. 1950) 1874 - Arthur Meighen, ninth Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1960) 1880 - Otto Eisenschiml, Austrian -American chemist and historian (d. 1963) 1890 - Stan Laurel, actor, comedian (d. 1965) 1897 - Georg Wittig, German chemist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1979 (d. 1987) 1900-1999 1902 - Barbara McClintock, geneticist (d. 1992) 1902 - George Gaylord Simpson, paleontologist (d. 1984) 1903 - Helen Traubel, American soprano (d. 1972) 1907 - Jack Albertson, actor (d. 1981) 1909 - Archie Fairley Carr, biologist and expert on turtles (d. 1987) 1910 - Juan Velasco, President of Peru from 1968 to 1975 (d. 1977) 1912 - Enoch Powell, British politician (d. 1998) 1914 - Babe Didrikson Zaharias, athlete (d. 1956) 1916 - Hank Luisetti, baseball player (d. 2002) 1917 - Katharine Graham, Washington Post publisher (d. 2001) 1917 - Irving Penn, photographer 1920 - José López Portillo, President of Mexico from 1976 to 1982 (d. 2004) 1920 - John Howard Griffin, writer (d. 1980) 1927 - Tom Graveney, English cricketer 1927 - Herbert Lichtenfeld, author and playwright (d. 2001) 1930 - Vilmos Zsigmond, cinematographer 1934 - Dame Eileen Atkins, English actress 1935 - Jim Dine, artist 1937 - Erich Segal, author 1938 - James Bolam, English actor 1938 - Joyce Carol Oates, novelist 1940 - Neil Goldschmidt, governor of Oregon 1941 - Lamont Dozier, record company executive 1942 - Giacomo Agostini, Italian motorcyclist 1942 - Eddie Levert, R&B singer 1951 - Roberto Durán, boxer 1952 - Michel Blanc, French actor 1952 - George Papandreou, junior, Greek politician 1952 - Gino Vannelli, vocalist, songwriter 1955 - Laurie Metcalf, actress 1966 - Jan Zelezný, Czech athlete 1970 - Phil Mickelson, golfer 1971 - Tupac Shakur, musician (d. 1996) 1977 - Kerry Wood, baseball pitcher 1980 - Joey Yung, Hong Kong singer Deaths 1800 BC-AD 1899 1750 BC - King Hammurabi of Babylon AD 1216 - Pope Innocent III 1464 - Roger van der Weyden, Flemish painter (b. 1399) 1468 - Jean Le Fevre, Burgundian chronicler (b. ca. 1395) 1622 - Alexander Seton, 1st Earl of Dunfermline, chancellor of Scotland (b. ca. 1555) 1626 - Christian the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Wolfenbüttel, Protestant military commander (b. 1599) 1666 - Richard Fanshawe, English poet, translator and diplomat (b. 1608) 1671 - Stenka Razin, Cossack rebel leader (executed) (b. ca. 1630) 1707 - Duchess de Nemours, sovereign princess of Neuchâtel, best known for her Mémoires (b. 1625) 1722 - John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, English general (b. 1650) 1752 - Giulio Alberoni, Spanish cardinal (b. 1664) 1752 - Joseph Butler, English philosopher (b. 1692) 1777 - Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset, French poet and dramatist (b. 1709) 1778 - Konrad Ekhof, German actor (b. 1720) 1779 - Sir Francis Bernard, Governor of New Jersey and Massachusetts (b. 1712) 1804 - Johann Hiller, German composer (b. 1728) 1817 - Alexander Dallas, statesman and financier (b. 1759) 1848 - Ludwig II, Grand-Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt, (b. 1777) 1849 - Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette, German theologian (b. 1780) 1855 - John Gorrie, physician, early pioneer in refrigeration (b. 1803) 1858 - John Snow, English obstetrician (b. 1813) 1866 - Auguste Barthelemy, French satirical poet (b. 1796) 1869 - Charles Sturt, English explorer (b. 1795) 1872 - Norman MacCleod, Scottish clergyman to Queen Victoria (b. 1812) 1878 - Crawford Long, physician (b. 1815) 1881 - Sir Josiah Mason, English pen-manufacturer (b. 1795) 1885 - Wilhelm Camphausen, German painter (b. 1818) 1894 - William Calder Marshall, Scottish sculptor (b. 1813) 1900-1999 1900 - Prince Francois, Duke of Joinville, third son of Louis-Philippe of France (b. 1818) 1925 - Chittaranjan Das, Indian patriot and freedom fighter (b. 1870) 1925 - Emmett Hardy, jazz musician (b. 1903) 1930 - Elmer Ambrose Sperry, inventor (b. 1860) 1940 - DuBose Heyward, writer 1944 - Marc Bloch, French historian (executed) (b. 1886) 1953 - Margaret Bondfield, English politician and feminist (b. 1873) 1958 - Imre Nagy, former Premier of Hungary (b. 1895) 1959 - George Reeves, actor, played Superman (b. 1914) 1969 - Harold Alexander, British military commander (b. 1891) 1970 - Brian Piccolo, American football player 1971 - Lord Reith, first Director-General of the BBC (b. 1889) 1976 - Hector Pieterson, one of the first children (566 in all) killed during the Soweto Uprising. 1977 - Wernher von Braun, rocket scientist (b. 1912) 1979 - Vernon Presley, father of Elvis Presley (b. 1916) 1979 - Nicholas Ray, film director (b. 1911) 1986 - Maurice Duruflé, French composer and organist (b. 1902) 1988 - Kim Milford, actor (b. 1951) 1993 - Lindsay Hassett, Australian cricketer (b. 1913) 1996 - Mel Allen, baseball announcer 1999 - Screaming Lord Sutch, founder of Britain's Official Monster Raving Loony Party (b. 1940) 2000-2099 2000 - Dowager Empress Nagako of Japan, consort of Emperor Hirohito (b. 1903) 2003 - Enrico Baj, Italian avantgarde artist 2003 - Georg Henrik von Wright, Finland-Swedish philosopher (b. 1916) Holidays and observances South Africa - Youth Day Roman Catholic Church - Feast of Saint John Regis, patron of medical social workers Bloomsday, in honour of James Joyce's Ulysses June 15 - 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