Lakota Alternative meaning: Lakota, Côte d'Ivoire is a département of Côte d'Ivoire. In Nebraska on September 3, 1855, 700 soldiers under American General William S. Harney avenged the Grattan Massacre by attacking a Sioux village killing 100 men, women, and children. Seven years later on November 5, 1862 also in Minnesota, more than 300 Santee Sioux were found guilty of rape and murder of white settlers and were sentenced to hang. The Lakota The Lakota after the adoption of the horse were part of the Great Plains Culture, living in the northern Great Plains, which centered on the buffalo and the horse. There were 20,000 Lakota in the mid-18th century. The number has now increased to about 70,000, of which perhaps a quarter still speak their ancestral language. Because the Black Hills are sacred to the Lakota, they object to mining in the area, which has been attempted since the 19th century. In 1868, the US government signed a treaty with them exempting the Black Hills from all white settlement forever. Four years later, gold was discovered there, and an influx of prospectors descended upon the area, abetted by army commanders like General George Armstrong Custer. The latter tried to administer a lesson of noninterference with white policies. Instead, the Lakota with their allies, the Arapaho and the Cheyenne, defeated the 7th U.S. Cavalry in 1876 at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, known also as Custer's Last Stand, since he and 300 of his troopers perished there. But, like the Zulu triumph over the British three years later, it was a Pyrrhic victory. The Lakota were defeated decisively by the U.S. Army subsequently, culminating, fourteen years later, in the Massacre of Wounded Knee. The Dakota Less known is the history of the eastern Dakota people, in Minnesota. Unlike their plains cousins, the Lakota, they lived in agricultural communities. They accepted white settlements and seizure of their lands in exchange for annual payments guaranteed by treaty. In 1862, after a failed crop the year before and a winter starvation, the money was late to arrive. The local traders would not issue any more credit to the Dakota and the local federal agent told the Dakota that they were free to eat grass. As a result on August 17, 1862, the Sioux Uprising began when Dakota attacked white settlements along the Minnesota River. Names The name Sioux was created by the French, who abbreviated the Algonquin compound Nadouéssioux (from nadowe ("snake") plus siu ("little")), by which a neighbouring Ojibwa tribe, or the Ottawa, referred to the Lakota/Dakota. This term was meant as an insult, but today the Federal Government of the United States applies it to all Lakota people. The Lakota have names for their own subdivisions. The "Santee" received this name from camping for long periods in a place where they collected stone for making knives. The "Yankton" received this name which meant people from the villages of far away. The "Tetonwan" were known as people who lived on the prairie. From these three principal groups, came seven sub-tribes. Divisions The Sioux Nation consists of divisions, each of which may have distinct bands, the larger of which are divided into sub-bands. Eastern division (the Dakota or Santee) Mdewakantonwan Sisitonwan Wahpekute Wahpetonwan Middle division (the Nakota) Ihanktonwan (Yankton) Ihanktonwana (Yanktonai or Little Yankton) Western division (the Lakota) Titonwan (Teton) Hunkpapa Oglala notable persons: Tasunka witko, Makhpyia-luta, and Billy Mills (Olympics sportsman) Payabya Tapisleca Kiyaksa Wajaje Itesica Oyuhpe Wagluhe Sihasapa (Blackfoot Sioux) Sichangu (French: Brulé) ("burnt thighs") Upper Sichangu Lower Sichangu Miniconjou Itazipacola (French: Sans Arcs "No Bows") Oohenonpa (Two-Kettle or Two Boilings) Also: Jef Baetens is an American (haska) Related Siouan peoples: Dhegiha Omaha Ponca Quapaw Wazaze (Osage) Kansa Chiwere Iowa Oto Missouri Mandan Mandan Hidatsa Hidatsa Crow Absaroka (Crow) Reservations Today, one half of all Enrolled Sioux live off the Reservation. Sioux Reservations recognized by the US government include: Oglala ( Pine Ridge) Brule (Rosebud) Hunkpapa (Standing Rock) Miniconju (Cheyenne River) Sans Arc (Cheyenne River) Two-Kettle (Cheyenne River) Santee Yanktonai (Yankton) Flandreau Sisseton-Wahpehton Lower Sioux Upper Sioux Shakopee Prairie Island Derived placenames The U.S. states of North Dakota and South Dakota are named after the Dakota. Two other U.S. states have names of Siouan origin: Minnesota is named from mni ("water") plus sota ("clear"), while Nebraska is named from a language close to Lakota, in which mni plus blaska ("flat") refers to the Platte (French for "flat") River. Also, the states Kansas, Iowa, and Missouri are named for cousin Siouan tribes, the Kansa, Iowa, and Missouri, respectively, as are the cities Omaha, Nebraska and Ponca City, Oklahoma. The names vividly demonstrate the wide dispersion of the Siouan peoples across the Midwest U.S. See also Lakota language External links Explore the history and culture of the Lakota Sioux Lakota is also the name of post-hardcore band from New York City. 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