Shiva Sutra Shiva Sutras are the basis of the 'ASTADHAYI', the best exponent of Sanskrit Grammar. These Sutras are also called Maheshwar Sutras as LORD SHIVA is called MAHESHWARA. It is believed that Supreme Lord Shiva himself expounded the FOURTEEN SUTRAS to the sage PANINI. Panini was able to consolidate and inject brevity in all sutras only due to the PRATYAHARS which are formed by using these Maheshwara (Shiva) sutras. that is the reason these Sutras are also called PRATYAHAR VIDHAYAK SUTRA (Sutras forming Pratyahars). SHIVA SUTRA = MAHESHWAR SUTRA = PRATYAHAR VIDHAYAK SUTRA PRATYAHARS (Brief statements)have been used in forming sutras in Astadhyayi. PRATYAHAR is the backbone of Sanskrit grammar in the sense that it gives brevity of utmost degree to all sutras (around 4000) used in Astadhyayi. RAll vowels and consonants of sanskrit language have been arranged in such a way in these sutras that they can be referred to without mentioning them separately. The 14 sutras are: 1. A E U n 2. Ri Lri k 3. Ae O ng 4. Ai Au ch 5. H Y W R t 6. L n(cerebral) 7. Yn(nasal)M Ng N N(cerebral)m 8. Jh Bh yn 9. Gh Dha Dha s(cerebral) 10. J B G D D s 11. Kh Ph Ch Th Th Ch Ta Ta w 12. K P y 13. S S(cerebral)S r 14. H l These 14 sutras encompass the alphabet of the sanskrit language. first 4 sutras cover all the vowels and last 10 sutras include all the consonants. Again, all vowels and consonants of sanskrit language have been arranged in such a way in these sutras that they can be referred to without mentioning them separately. For example, if Panini has to refer to the third letters in all the five groups of the consonants, he uses the term 'Jas'i.e. the first letter 'J' and the last letter 's'in the sutra no.10. this term denotes all the intervening letters like B G D D including J. similarly, if one has to denote all vowels in the sanskrit language, one can simply use the term 'Ach' i.e. the first letter 'A' in the 1st Sutra and last letter 'ch' in the 4th Sutra. However, the last letters in all 14 sutras respectively ('n' 'k' 'ng' 'ch' 't' 'n' 'm' 'yn' 's' 's' 'w' 'y' 'r' 'l') are not included while denoting letters. they are only helpful in forming pratyahars i.e. groups of letters. These last letters (which are displayed in small)in all 14 sutras disappear as a matter of rule by way of one special rule that Panini has formed (Tasya Lopas). these terms 'Jas' 'Ach' etc. are called PRATYAHAR. Panini has used 43 Pratyahars formed by different specific arrangements of the letters mentioned in 14 sutras for forming about 4000 sutras of the sanskrit grammar (Astadhyayi.) -prasun kumar-210.212.240.162 07:37, 4 Dec 2004 (UTC) Most Popular Articles: Music    Musical Instruments    Guitar    Classical Music    History    Music Definition    Country Music    Rock Music    Pop Music    Hip Hop    Rap    DJ    Video Games    Casino Games    Poker    Blackjack    Casinos    Real Estate    Loan    Auction    eBay    Marketing    Search Engine Optimization    File Sharing    MP3    Music Industry    Kazaa    Internet    Supermodel    Fashion    Fashion Designers    Erotica    Modeling    Clothing    Boots    Shoes    Diamond Engagement Rings    Diamond    Rugs    Gospel Music    Affiliate    E-Commerce    Radio This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html You may copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license. You must provide a link to http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html To view or edit this article at Wikipedia go to http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiva_Sutra