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Tidjani
The Tidjani, aka Tijaans, Tidianes, is a Muslim brotherhood of West Africa, particularly Senegal. Tidjani attach a large importance to culture and education, and favor the individual adhesion of the disciple.
Sidi Ahmed al-Tidjani (1737-1815), aka the Tidjania, was the founder of the Tidjana confraternity. al-Tidjani was born in Algeria in 1737; he died in Fez (in present-day Morocco) in 1815. At Fouta-Toro the expansion of the confraternity is due to el-Hajj Omar Tall (1794-1864), who returned from Mecca with the quality of Calife of Tidjanes for the Sudan. (Note: el-Hajj is an honorofic given to any Muslim who has completed hajj).
In the Wolof country, the credit for the spreading of the Tidjani Order is given to el-Hajj Malick Sy, born in 1855 near to Dagana. In 1902, he installed its rules in Tivaouane, which became a education center for Islamic culture under his influence Upon Malick's death in 1922, his son Ababacar Sy became the first Calife. Mansour Sy, his brother, committed suicide (although he lived for four days after the attempt). Serigne Mansour Sy became the present Calife in 1997, upon the death of Abdoul Aziz Sy.
The Gamou of Tivaouane gathers many followers each year. The "house" of Tivaouane is not the only confraternity in Senegal. Another, centered in Kaolack, has as its founder Abdoulaye Niasse; there is also one in Medina-Gounass (to the east of the Niokolo Koba park) created by Mamadou Saidou Ba. Another, near Thies, is the Thienaba, founded by the disciple of a famous marabout of Fouta, Amadou Sekhou. See also Mouridia. (note: this paragraph might go in Muslim brotherhoods of Senegal)
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