Virginia Virginia is one of the original 13 states of the United States that revolted against British rule in the American Revolution and is generally classified as part of the South. Its official name is the Commonwealth of Virginia; it is one of four Commonwealths out of the fifty United States. Kentucky and West Virginia were part of Virginia at the time of the founding of the United States, but the former was admitted to the Union as a separate state in 1792 while the latter broke away from Virginia during the American Civil War. Virginia is known as the "Mother of Presidents", as more U.S. Presidents (8) were born in this state than in any other. Five of them were re-elected to a second term: George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe, and Woodrow Wilson. William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, and Zachary Taylor round out the list of American Presidents from the Commonwealth of Virginia. (Historical footnote: both Harrison and Taylor died while in office.) History Among Native American people living in what now is Virginia were the Powhatan, Nottaway, Meherrin, Monacan, Saponi, and Cherokee. At the end of the 16th century when England began to colonize North America, "Virginia" was the name Queen Elizabeth I of England gave to the whole area explored by the 1584 expedition of Sir Walter Raleigh along the coast of North America, eventually applying to the whole coast from South Carolina to Maine. The London Virginia Company became incorporated as a joint stock company by a royal charter drawn up on April 10, 1606. It swiftly financed the first permanent English settlement in the New World which was at Jamestown in the Virginia Colony in 1607. Its Second Charter was officially ratified on May 23, 1609. Virginia was given its nickname "The Old Dominion" by King Charles II of England at the time of the Restoration for remaining loyal to the crown during the English Civil War. Patrick Henry served as the first Governor of Virginia, from 1776-79, and again from 1784-86. On June 12, 1776, the Virginia Convention adopted the Virginia Declaration of Rights, a document that influenced the Bill of Rights added later to the United States Constitution. On June 29, 1776, the convention adopted a constitution that established Virginia as a commonwealth independent of the British Empire. In 1790 both Virginia and Maryland ceded territory to form the new District of Columbia, but in an Act of Congress dated July 9, 1846, the territory that had been ceded by Virginia was returned, and is now Arlington County and part of the City of Alexandria. Virginia is one of the states that seceded from the Union to become the Confederacy during the Civil War. When it did, some counties were separated as West Virginia, an act which was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in 1870. Virginia formally rejoined the Union on January 26, 1870 after a period of post-war military rule. On January 13, 1990 Douglas Wilder became the first African American governor of a US state to serve as Governor after Reconstruction when he was elected Governor of Virginia. Law and government The capital is Richmond: the current Governor is Mark Warner, a Democrat. In colonial Virginia, the lower house of the legislature was called the House of Burgesses. The House of Burgesses made up the other part of the General Assembly. Its members were chosen by all those who could vote in the colony. Each settlement chose two people or burgesses to represent it. The Burgesses met to make laws for the colony and set the direction for its future growth. The idea of electing burgesses was important and new. It gave Virginians a chance to control their own government for the first time. At first the burgesses were elected by all free men in the colony. Women, indentured servants, and Native Americans could not vote. Later the rules for voting changed, making it necessary for men to own at least fifty acres (200,000 m²) of land in order to vote. Today, the General Assembly is made up of the Senate and the House of Delegates. Geography Map of Virginia See also: List of Virginia counties, List of Virginia rivers Virginia is bordered by West Virginia, Maryland, and the District of Columbia (across the Potomac River) to the north, by Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, by North Carolina and Tennessee to the south, and by Kentucky to the west. Chesapeake Bay divides the state, with the eastern portion (called 'the Eastern Shore of Virginia'), a part of the Delmarva Peninsula, completely separate (an exclave) from the rest of the state. Virginia is divided into the following 3 regions: Tidewater - Stretching from the Atlantic coast to the fall line Piedmont - East of the Appalachian Mountains to the Tidewater Region Ridge and Valley - West of the Appalachian Mountains Virginia - topographic map Demographics According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2003, Virginia's population was estimated at 7,386,330 people. The racial makeup of the state is: 70.2% White, non-Hispanic 19.6% Black 4.7% Hispanic 3.7% Asian 0.3% American Indian 2% are mixed race The 5 largest ancestry groups in Virginia are African American (19.6%), German (11.7%), American (11.2%), English (11.1%), Irish (9.8%). The 5 largest religious denominations in Virginia are Baptist (32%), Roman Catholic (15%), Methodist (7%), "Christian" (7%), Presbyterian (3%). 13% of the population is nonreligious. 6.5% of Virginia's population were reported as under 5, 24.6% under 18, and 11.2% were 65 or older. Females made up approximately 51% of the population. Important cities and towns Under the laws in effect in Virginia, all municipalities incorporated as cities are independent of any county. Of the approximately 43 independent cities in the United States, 39 are in Virginia. The complete list of Virginia independent cities follows: Some other municipalities incorporated as towns, which are not independent of a county, include: Finally, Arlington County, which lies across the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., is a completely urbanized community, but has no incorporated area within its borders. Colleges and universities Professional sports teams The Minor League Baseball Teams are: The minor league soccer teams are: USL First Division Richmond Kickers Virginia Beach Mariners USL Second Division Northern Virginia Royals W-League Northern Virginia Majestics Hampton Roads Piranhas Miscellaneous information State motto: "Sic semper tyrannis." (Thus always to tyrants.) State bird: Cardinal State dog: American Foxhound State flower: Dogwood State tree: Dogwood State insect: Tiger swallowtail State song: none; the former state song, "Carry Me Back to Old Virginny," was retired due to racist lyrics in the 1990s USS Virginia was named in honor of this state. Virginia is the last state to have split its electoral vote in a Presidential Election, in 1916. Other places There are also places named Virginia in the States of Illinois and Minnesota: see Virginia, Illinois. Virginia, Minnesota. External links State Government website Charter to Sir Walter Raleigh : 1584 The First Charter of Virginia; April 10, 1606 The Second Charter of Virginia; May 23, 1609 The Third Charter of Virginia; March 12, 1611 U.S. Census Bureau FAVORITE ARTICLES: History of the World    History of the United States    History of Europe    Ancient History    History    Military History    World War I    Bombing of Dresden    California    US Constitution    Frank Sinatra    Boston    Marbury v. Madison This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License at http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html You may copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license. You must provide a link to http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html To view or edit this article at Wikipedia go to http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia